Can a Hermaphrodite Have a Baby With Itself

Intersex condition including both ovarian and testicular tissue

Medical condition

Ovotesticular syndrome
Other names	DiseasesDB = 29664
This status is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner
Specialty	Obstetrics and gynaecology, endocrinology

True hermaphroditism, sometimes referred to every bit ovotesticular syndrome,^{[1] [2]} is an intersex condition in which an individual is born with both ovarian and testicular tissue. Commonly, one or both gonads is an ovotestis containing both types of tissue.^{[iii] [ better source needed ]}

Although it is like in some ways to mixed gonadal dysgenesis, the conditions can be distinguished histologically.^[four]

Symptoms [edit]

• Gynecomastia (present in 75% of cases.)^[5]

History [edit]

The showtime medical attempts to document cases appeared in the 16th century. Up until the Tardily Middle Ages individuals with these conditions were viewed as monsters.^[6]

Presentation [edit]

External genitalia are oft ambiguous, the caste depending mainly on the corporeality of testosterone produced by the testicular tissue between eight and 16 weeks of gestation.^{[ citation needed ]}

Causes [edit]

There are several means in which this may occur.

• It tin be caused by the partition of one ovum, followed by fertilization of each haploid ovum and fusion of the two zygotes early in development.
• Alternately, an ovum tin can be fertilized by two sperm followed by trisomic rescue in ane or more than daughter cells.
• Two ova fertilized by ii sperm cells will occasionally fuse to form a tetragametic chimera, if 1 male zygote and one female person zygote fuse.
• It can exist associated with a mutation in the SRY gene.^[7]

Karyotypes [edit]

In ovotesticular syndrome, Xx is the about common (55-80% of cases); most individuals with this form are SRY negative.^[eight]

Next most common are XX/XY (xx-thirty% of cases) and XY (5-15% of cases), with the residuum being a diversity of other chromosomal anomalies and mosaicisms.^{[9] [viii]}

Some caste of mosaicism is nowadays in most 25%.^[viii]

Encountered karyotypes include 46XX/46XY, or 46XX/47XXY or Twenty & XY with SRY mutations, mixed chromosomal anomalies or hormone deficiency/excess disorders, 47XXY.

Less than 1% take Twenty/XY chimerism.^[8]

Prevalence [edit]

True hermaphroditism represents 5% of all syndromes of sex activity development.^[10] Estimated frequency of ovotestes is one in 83,000 births (0.0012%).^[11]

The exact number of confirmed cases is uncertain, but past 1991 approximately 500 cases had been confirmed.^[12]

It has also been estimated that more than than 525 accept been documented.^[6]

96% of cases have been reported in Africa.^{[13] [ failed verification ]}

Fertility [edit]

The gonad most likely to office is the ovary.^[thirteen] The ovotestes show evidence of ovulation in 50% of cases.^[14] Spermatogenesis has only been observed in solitary testes and not in the testicular portions of ovotestes.^{[15] [14]} Co-ordinate to a 1994 study, spermatogenesis has only been proven in two cases.^[sixteen]

Spermatogenesis is never present in cases with Twenty.^[thirteen] It has been estimated that 80% of cases could exist fertile as females with the right surgeries.^[6]

Documented cases of fertility [edit]

There are extremely rare cases of fertility in "truly hermaphroditic" humans.^{[sixteen] [17]}

In 1994 a study on 283 cases plant 21 pregnancies from 10 truthful hermaphrodites, while ane allegedly fathered a child.^[16]

Equally of 2010, there have been at least 11 reported cases of fertility in true hermaphrodite humans in the scientific literature,^[4] with one case of a person with XY-predominant (96%) mosaic giving birth.^[18] However, at that place have been no documented cases of individuals beingness fertile as males.^{[half-dozen] [xiii]}

At that place is a hypothetical scenario, though, in which it could be possible for a human being to cocky-fertilize. If a human chimera is formed from a male and female zygote fusing into a unmarried embryo, giving an individual functional gonadal tissue of both types, such self-fertilization is feasible. Indeed, it is known to occur in not-human species where hermaphroditic animals are common.^[19] Yet, no such example of functional self-fertilization or true bisexuality has been documented in humans.^{[fifteen] [10]}

Etymology [edit]

The term derives from the Latin: hermaphroditus, from Aboriginal Greek: ἑρμαφρόδιτος, romanized: hermaphroditos ,^[twenty] which derives from Hermaphroditos (Ἑρμαϕρόδιτος), the son of Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek mythology. According to Ovid, he fused with the nymph Salmacis resulting in one private possessing concrete traits of both sexes;^[21] co-ordinate to the earlier Diodorus Siculus, he was born with a physical trunk combining both sexes.^[22] Usage of the term dates back to the third century BC.^[6] The word hermaphrodite entered the English lexicon in the late fourteenth century.^[23]

Lodge and civilisation [edit]

Having ovotesticular syndrome of sexual development tin make one inadmissible for service in the United States Military machine.^[24]

M.C. five. Aaronson [edit]

The U.South. legal case of M.C. five. Aaronson, avant-garde by intersex civil society arrangement collaborate with the Southern Poverty Law Middle, was brought earlier the courts in 2013.^{[25] [26] [27] [28]} The child in the case was born in December 2004 with ovotestes, initially determined equally male, simply subsequently assigned female and placed in the care of South Carolina Department of Social Services in February 2005.^[29] Physicians responsible for M.C. initially concluded that surgery was not urgent or necessary and M.C. had potential to identify as male person or female, only, in April 2006, 1000.C. was subjected to feminizing medical interventions.^[29] He was adopted in December 2006. Aged eight at the time the example was taken, he now identifies equally male. The Southern Poverty Law Centre country: "In M.C.'s condition, there is no way to tell whether the child will ultimately place as a boy or a daughter. Instead, the doctors decided to assign K.C. female and change his trunk to fit their stereotype of how a girl should wait."^{[26] [30] [ self-published source? ]} The defendant in the case, Dr. Ian Aaronson, had written in 2001 that "feminizing genitoplasty on an babe who might eventually identify herself as a boy would be catastrophic".^{[31] [29]}

The defendants sought to dismiss the example and seek a defence of qualified amnesty, but these were denied past the District Courtroom for the Commune of S Carolina. In January 2015, the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed this decision and dismissed the complaint, stating that, "it did not "mean to diminish the severe impairment that M.C. claims to have suffered" just that a reasonable official in 2006 did not have fair warning from then-existing precedent that performing sex assignment surgery on 16-month-old Chiliad.C. violated a clearly established constitutional correct."^{[32] [ self-published source? ]} The Courtroom did not dominion on whether or non the surgery violated K.C.'due south constitutional rights.^[33]

State suits were subsequently filed.^[32] In July 2017, it was reported that the case had been settled out of court by the Medical University of South Carolina for $440,000. The University denied negligence, but agreed to a "compromise" settlement to avoid "costs of litigation."^[34]

See too [edit]

• 46,Twenty/46,XY
• Intersex people and military service in the United States

References [edit]

1. ^ Barseghyan, Hayk; Vilain, Eric (2014). "The Genetics of Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development". Genetic Steroid Disorders. pp. 261–263. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-416006-4.00020-X. ISBN978-0-12-416006-4.
2. ^ Lee, Peter A.; Houk, Christopher P.; Ahmed, Due south. Faisal; Hughes, Ieuan A. (1 August 2006). "Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders". Pediatrics. 118 (2): e488–e500. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0738. PMC2082839. PMID 16882788.
3. ^ "ovo-testes (formerly called true hermaphroditism) | Intersex Guild of N America". isna.org . Retrieved 2020-09-08 .
4. ^ ^{a b} Kim, Kyu-Rae; Kwon, Youngmee; Joung, Jae Young; Kim, Kun Suk; Ayala, Alberto G.; Ro, Jae Y. (October 2002). "True Hermaphroditism and Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis in Young Children: A Clinicopathologic Report of 10 Cases". Modern Pathology. 15 (10): 1013–1019. doi:10.1097/01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D. PMID 12379746.
5. ^ Mancino, Anne T.; Young, Zachary T.; Bland, Kirby I. (2018-01-01). "Gynecomastia". The Chest: 104–115.e5. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-35955-9.00007-6. ISBN9780323359559.
6. ^ ^{a b c d due east} Wynbrandt, James; Ludman, Mark D. (2010-05-12). The Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders and Nascency Defects. Infobase Publishing. ISBN978-1-4381-2095-nine.
7. ^ Braun, A; Kammerer, S; Cleve, H; Löhrs, U; Schwarz, H P; Kuhnle, U (March 1993). "True hermaphroditism in a 46,XY individual, caused by a postzygotic somatic point mutation in the male gonadal sex-determining locus (SRY): molecular genetics and histological findings in a sporadic instance". American Periodical of Man Genetics. 52 (iii): 578–585. PMC1682159. PMID 8447323.
8. ^ ^{a b c d} Al-Salem, Ahmed H. (2020), Al-Salem, Ahmed H. (ed.), "Ovotestis Disorders of Sexual Evolution", Pediatric Gynecology: An Illustrated Guide for Surgeons, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 469–478, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49984-6_24, ISBN978-3-030-49984-half-dozen , retrieved 2021-04-23
9. ^ Bouvattier, Claire (2010-01-01), Gearhart, John P.; Rink, Richard C.; Mouriquand, Pierre D. E. (eds.), "Chapter 35 - DISORDERS OF Sexual activity Evolution: ENDOCRINE ASPECTS", Pediatric Urology (Second Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 459–475, ISBN978-one-4160-3204-5 , retrieved 2020-09-08
10. ^ ^{a b} Ceci, Michelle; Calleja, Edward; Said, Edith; Gatt, Noel (2015-02-03). "A Case of True Hermaphroditism Presenting as a Testicular Tumour". Case Reports in Urology. 2015: 598138. doi:10.1155/2015/598138. PMC4333191. PMID 25774314.
11. ^ "ISNA - How common is intersex?". www.isna.org . Retrieved 2019-05-09 .
12. ^ Nistal, Manuel; Paniagua, Ricardo; González-Peramato, Pilar; Reyes-Múgica, Miguel (2015-09-01). "Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 7. Ovotesticular DSD (True Hermaphroditism)". Pediatric and Developmental Pathology. 18 (5): 345–352. doi:10.2350/14-04-1466-PB.ane. ISSN 1093-5266. PMID 25105460. S2CID 34009652.
13. ^ ^{a b c d} Hutson, John M.; Warne, Garry 50.; Grover, Sonia R. (2012-02-02). Disorders of Sexual activity Development: An Integrated Approach to Management. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 84–85. ISBN978-3-642-22963-3.
14. ^ ^{a b} Bhattacharya, Niranjan; Stubblefield, Phillip 1000. (2016-05-17). Man Fetal Growth and Evolution: Showtime and 2nd Trimesters. Springer. ISBN978-iii-319-14874-8.
15. ^ ^{a b} Bayraktar, Zeki (28 February 2017). "Potential autofertility in true hermaphrodites". The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 31 (4): 542–547. doi:x.1080/14767058.2017.1291619. PMID 28282768. S2CID 22100505.
16. ^ ^{a b c} Krob, K.; Braun, A.; Kuhnle, U. (January 1994). "True hermaphroditism: Geographical distribution, clinical findings, chromosomes and gonadal histology". European Journal of Pediatrics. 153 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1007/BF02000779. PMID 8313919. S2CID 1931001.
17. ^ Ahmad, Thousand.; Saleem, M.; Jam, M. R.; Iqbal, M. Z. (2011). "True hermaphrodite: a instance study". APSP Periodical of Case Reports. ii (2): 16. ISSN 2218-8185. PMC3418019. PMID 22953283.
18. ^ Schoenhaus, South. A.; Lentz, S. E.; Saber, P; Munro, M. G.; Kivnick, S (2008). "Pregnancy in a hermaphrodite with a male person-predominant mosaic karyotype". Fertility and Sterility. 90 (v): 2016.e7–10. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.104. PMID 18394621.
19. ^ Jarne, Philippe; Auld, Josh R. (2006). "Animals Mix It up Also: The Distribution of Cocky-Fertilization Amongst Hermaphroditic Animals". Evolution. 60 (9): 1816–24. doi:ten.1554/06-246.1. PMID 17089966. S2CID 23849389.
20. ^ "Definition of hermaphroditus". Numen: The Latin Lexicon. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
21. ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book 4: The story of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis.
22. ^ Diodorus Siculus — Book Four Capacity 1–7
23. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 1st edn, s.v. hermaphrodite, north. and adj.; "Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved iii June 2012.
24. ^ "DoD Instruction 6130.03 Medical Standards For Engagement, Enlistment, Or Induction Into The Military Services" (PDF). September 27, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-27 – via Wayback Machine.
25. ^ "AIC's Landmark Lawsuit Makes History!". AIC. May 16, 2013. Archived from the original on Feb half-dozen, 2017.
26. ^ ^{a b} Southern Poverty Law Heart (May 14, 2013). "Groundbreaking SLPC Lawsuit Accuses South Carolina Doctors and Hospitals of Unnecessary Surgery on Infant". Retrieved 2015-07-20 .
27. ^ Reis, Elizabeth (May 17, 2013). "Exercise No Impairment: Intersex Surgeries and the Limits of Certainty". Nursing Clio . Retrieved 2015-07-twenty .
28. ^ Dreger, Alice (May sixteen, 2013). "When to Practise Surgery on a Child With 'Both' Genitalia". The Atlantic . Retrieved 2015-07-xx .
29. ^ ^{a b c} White, Ryan 50. (2013). "Preferred Private Parts: Importing Intersex Autonomy for M.C. v. Aaronson". Fordham International Law Periodical. 37: 777.
30. ^ Sesana, Laura (May eighteen, 2013). "Adoptive parents sue over son's sexual practice-assignment surgery". Archived from the original on May 22, 2013.
31. ^ Aaronson, Ian A (July 2001). "The investigation and management of the infant with cryptic ballocks: A surgeon's perspective". Current Problems in Pediatrics. 31 (6): 168–194. doi:10.1067/mps.2001.116127. PMID 11436003.
32. ^ ^{a b} Largent, Emily (March 5, 2015). "M.C. five. Aaronson". Petrie-Flom Eye, Harvard Constabulary.
33. ^ collaborate (January 27, 2015). "Update on M.C.'due south Example – The Road to Justice can be Long, just there is more than than one path for M.C." Archived from the original on Feb 19, 2017. Retrieved 2017-02-18 .
34. ^ Ghorayshi, Azeen (July 27, 2017). "A Landmark Lawsuit Nearly An Intersex Baby's Genital Surgery Only Settled For $440,000". BuzzFeed . Retrieved 2017-07-27 .

External links [edit]

• Media related to Intersex at Wikimedia Commons

cohendecomely.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_hermaphroditism

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